the Nanoemulsion: A Review Nanoemulsion: A Review

Abstract

Abstract
Nanoemulsions, which consist of minuscule droplets of one immiscible liquid dispersed within another immiscible liquid,
are colloidal dispersions stabilized by surfactants or other amphiphilic molecules. Due to these systems' unique properties
and numerous applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agrochemical industries, among others, a lot of
attention has been generated. Because of their extraordinary stability and high surface area-to-volume ratio,
nanoemulsions are valuable in pharmaceutical formulations for regulating drug release kinetics, enhancing bioavailability,
and delivering poorly water-soluble medications. Moreover, their enhanced sensory attributes and translucent nature
render them desirable for incorporation into the creation of aesthetically pleasing cosmetic items. The small droplet size
(often less than 100 nm) of nanoemulsions helps to create thermodynamically stable systems by delaying phase separation
and creaming over time. This stability is caused by the interfacial layer surrounding the droplets, which functions as a
kinetic barrier to stop coalescence and Ostwald ripening. In the food and beverage industries, nanoemulsions offer
opportunities to boost flavor delivery, increase solubility, and encapsulate bioactive substances. By enabling the creation
of transparent and stable emulsions without the need for sizable concentrations of emulsifiers or stabilizers, they aid in the
creation of cleaner label formulations. Furthermore, nanoemulsions have shown promise in agricultural applications for the
efficient delivery of pesticides and herbicides, the mitigation of environmental contamination, and the requirement for
fewer active chemicals to protect crops. The formulation and optimization of nanoemulsions need careful selection of oils,
surfactants, and co-surfactants. It's also critical to use appropriate processing techniques including microfluidization,
sonication, and high-pressure homogenization. Taken together, nanoemulsions provide an adaptable platform for
developing state-of-the-art delivery systems with enhanced stability, solubility, and bioavailability, stimulating innovation